Standby Generators – Harmonics – What Are They?
Harmonics generated by UPS systems can negatively impact generators, especially during utility failures. When a UPS, particularly a true double conversion unit, transfers load to a generator, the distinct harmonics from both can lead to generator overloads. Complex waveforms caused by load harmonics can confuse generator control systems, perceiving these as faults and potentially leading to shutdowns. It's crucial for the generator's capacity to match the UPS load accurately during installation, as many do not consider future equipment additions. Regular maintenance (every 6-12 months) is recommended. Controlled mains failure tests ensure generators can support full UPS loads during an outage, instilling confidence in their reliability. For standby diesel generator inquiries, contact the service provider.
The generator can be very badly affected by generation of harmonics in its load. Harmonics are often overlooked when a generator is supporting a UPS system. Harmonics that are generated by the UPS can be completely different to those generated by the load that the UPS system is supporting. This is particularly the case when the UPS system is a true double conversion unit. As a result it is common for the generator to overload if the load that the UPS system is supporting transfers to its reserve supply (the generator) during a utility mains failure situation.
How and why does this happen?
The complex current and voltage waveforms can cause the control systems on some generator installations to detect this situation as a fault. Waveforms generated by the load harmonics. For example, harmonics can cause more crossover points within the fundamental waveform which the generator control can see as a generator frequency error and try and alter the generator speed to compensate. If the error is outside of the generator specification it will shut down causing loss of load. Often with standby power installations, the actual problem of the load seen by the generator is not taken into account within sizing calculations. The generator is only matched with the UPS at the time of installation. This oversight might not immediately be a problem. However, as more equipment is added to the UPS load, the generator can fail. Especially if the UPS system is taken out of circuit. The situations mentioned above become a problem when the generator system is approaching its maximum load rating. Monitored by carrying out a regular service and maintenance. This is important for both the generator and UPS, every six to twelve months depending upon the growth of load.
Controlled Mains Failure Tests
These force the UPS system to carry its full load on battery. As a result, the diesel generator takes over when it has come up to speed. By doing this test as a controlled exercise, the site personnel are prepared for problems in case of failure. Secondly, in the event of a utility mains failure, there is confidence that the standby generator will support the load.
